PENGARUH KOMBINASI SPEKTRUM CAHAYA BIRU DENGAN BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MICROGREENS SELADA (Lactuca sativa)
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microgreens, lettuce, blue light, growing media
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Abstract
Microgreens merupakan sayuran muda yang dipanen 7–14 hari setelah penyemaian dan dikenal memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi dibandingkan tanaman dewasa. Salah satu tantangan dalam budidaya microgreens adalah menjaga pertumbuhan optimal dalam ruang terbatas serta meningkatkan efisiensi produksi dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan media tanam dan spektrum cahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kombinasi antara jenis media tanam (tanah, sekam bakar, dan cocopeat) dan spektrum cahaya biru dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan microgreens selada (Lactuca sativa). Penelitian dilakukan selama tujuh hari secara indoor dengan menggunakan pencahayaan buatan dari lampu LED spektrum biru yang diseragamkan 12–16 jam/hari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Deskriptif Kuantitatif dengan variabel penelitian meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan kecepatan pertumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media tanam cocopeat mengalami kecepatan pertumbuhan paling cepat dengan memberikan hasil pertumbuhan terbaik dengan rata-rata tinggi tanaman 4,7 cm dan jumlah daun 3 helai pada hari ke-7. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sifat cocopeat yang mampu menyimpan air dengan baik, memiliki aerasi optimal, dan bebas patogen. Spektrum cahaya biru juga terbukti berperan penting dalam merangsang fotosintesis melalui penyerapan klorofil. Kombinasi cocopeat dan cahaya biru menghasilkan pertumbuhan microgreens selada paling optimal dibandingkan dengan tanah dan sekam bakar.
Microgreens are young vegetables that are harvested 7–14 days after sowing and are known to have higher nutritional content than mature plants. One of the challenges in cultivating microgreens is maintaining optimal growth in limited space and increasing production efficiency by optimizing the use of planting media and light spectrum. This study aims to identify the best combination of planting media types (soil, burnt rice husks, and cocopeat) and blue light spectrum in increasing the growth of lettuce microgreens (Lactuca sativa). The study was conducted for seven days indoors using artificial lighting from blue spectrum LED lamps that were uniformed for 12–16 hours/day. The research method used was the Descriptive Quantitative method with research variables including plant height, number of leaves, and growth rate. The results showed that the cocopeat planting medium experienced the fastest growth rate by providing the best growth results with an average plant height of 4.7 cm and 3 leaves on the 7th day. This is due to the nature of cocopeat which is able to store water well, has optimal aeration, and is free from pathogens. The blue light spectrum has also been shown to play an important role in stimulating photosynthesis through chlorophyll absorption, as well as influencing the opening of stomata and vegetative growth of plants. The combination of cocopeat and blue light produces the most optimal growth of lettuce microgreens compared to soil and burnt rice husks.
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