OPTIMALISASI PENERIMAAN BANTUAN SOSIAL PKH OLEH DINAS SOSIAL KOTA MEDAN MELALUI GRADUASI DAN PENATAAN PEMUTAKHIRAN DATA

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) adalah salah satu inisiatif strategis pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui pemberian bantuan sosial bersyarat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi, tantangan, dan upaya optimalisasi pelaksanaan PKH di Kota Medan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data diperoleh melalui studi dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi terhadap mekanisme program berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Sosial Nomor 1 Tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme PKH di Kota Medan mencakup 10 tahapan utama, mulai dari perencanaan hingga graduasi. Pada tahap implementasi, terdapat kendala signifikan dalam validasi data penerima manfaat, seperti ketidaksesuaian data Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial (DTKS) dengan kondisi faktual di lapangan. Hambatan teknis, seperti gangguan aplikasi e-PKH dan keterbatasan kapasitas pendamping sosial, juga memengaruhi efektivitas program. Selain itu, resistensi terhadap mekanisme graduasi sering kali menghambat upaya untuk mengalihkan bantuan kepada keluarga miskin yang lebih membutuhkan. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, rekomendasi yang diusulkan meliputi penguatan sistem pemutakhiran data berbasis teknologi, peningkatan kapasitas pendamping sosial melalui pelatihan intensif, sosialisasi yang lebih intensif mengenai pentingnya graduasi, serta pelibatan aktif komunitas dan pihak swasta dalam mendukung pemberdayaan Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) graduasi. Kesimpulannya, meskipun pelaksanaan PKH di Kota Medan telah memberikan dampak positif dalam mengurangi kemiskinan, upaya optimalisasi yang berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk memastikan program ini berjalan lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. Dengan memperbaiki tata kelola program, PKH dapat menjadi instrumen perlindungan sosial yang mampu memutus mata rantai kemiskinan secara sistematis.

Kata Kunci: Program Keluarga Harapan, validasi data, graduasi, bantuan sosial.

ABSTRACT

Family Hope Program (PKH) is one of the Indonesian government’s strategic initiatives to alleviate poverty and improve people’s welfare through the provision of conditional social assistance. This study aims to analyze the implementation, challenges, and efforts to optimize the implementation of PKH in Medan City. With a qualitative approach, data were obtained through document studies, interviews, and observations of the program mechanism based on the Minister of Social Affairs Regulation Number 1 of 2018. The results of the study show that the PKH mechanism in Medan City includes 10 main stages, from planning to graduation. At the implementation stage, there were significant obstacles in validating beneficiary data, such as the inconsistency of the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS) with factual conditions in the field. Technical obstacles, such as disruptions to the e-PKH application and limited capacity of social assistants, also affected the effectiveness of the program. In addition, resistance to the graduation mechanism often hampers efforts to divert assistance to poor families who are more in need. To overcome these challenges, the proposed recommendations include strengthening the technology-based data update system, increasing the capacity of social assistants through intensive training, more intensive socialization regarding the importance of graduation, and active involvement of communities and the private sector in supporting the empowerment of graduated Beneficiary Families (KPM). In conclusion, although the implementation of PKH in Medan City has had a positive impact on reducing poverty, ongoing optimization efforts are needed to ensure that this program runs more effectively and sustainably. By improving program governance, PKH can become a social protection instrument that is able to break the chain of poverty systematically.

Keywords: Family Hope Program, data validation, graduation, social assistance.